I also didn't see your original question, Warp, so I thought you were asking about the spacetime diagram. Anyway, that diagram you quoted will only work if (1) you're in an inertial frame; and (2) gravitational effects aren't significant enough to distort spacetime.
One could develop some expansion model for SR, but it would contradict observational data. However,
this doesn't involve things moving faster than c. SR holds for global inertial frames, GR was developed because those frames were shown not to exist. In fact, for some galaxies, SR can be a good local approximation. The result that c is the maximum speed in SR occurs only if you're at an
inertial frame. If you assume that everything is expanding with some acceleration, our frame here at Earth is being accelerated and, since the postulates of SR hold for inertial ones,
observing something receding faster than c does not contradict SR. Period.
Does this mean that we can observe something outrun a light beam? No, if we see something moving away at -v, then light sent towards us at c - v. Now, you could argue that if the receding speed v is larger than c, light is moving away from us, so we don't receive it. However, this doesn't necessarily happen. Look at this:
You only need to look at the red line, the light cone (or observable universe, it's corrected to take into account GR and our acceleration) and the line called hubble distance (it should have been drawn symmetrically on the other side, but the author omitted it). Anyway, all events below the Hubble line are receding from us faster than c. Notice though, that some of these are inside the light cone and, thus, can send light beams at us. I haven't read your apparent paradox thoroughly, but it seems that it arises because you assume that the light cone must be contained above the Hubble line.
A more intuitive description is that the Hubble sphere describes what's receding from us exactly at c. As time passes, the sphere will recede and so will the photons that were sent from a galaxy receding faster than c. However, the sphere can recede faster than these photons, when the sphere passes them, they'll be inside a zone that's moving from us at v < c, so they acquire positive speed and can get to us.
Notice how this agrees with the diagram, when the hubble line cuts the light cone (the worldline of a photon), the world line that was moving away from the origin starts to move towards it.
Reference:
http://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0310808v2.pdf